The R&A’s chief of technology says it’s ‘a topic of interest’

Steve Otto, the R&A’s chief technology officer and one of the keepers of the 100-year study of driving distance, says the plan to roll back distance through a shorter golf ball, formally announced in late 2023 and scheduled to be implemented in 2028-’30, has been a deliberate, scientifically rigorous process. In turn, any potential decision to roll back the driver would be just as robust and one that’s still on the ruling body’s mind. (The USGA is the governing body for the United States and Mexico, and the Royal & Ancient governs the rest of the world.) 

Otto addressed attendees at the 2024 World Scientific Congress of Golf at England’s Loughborough University in July during a talk that detailed the scientific efforts behind the R&A’s research across all phases of the game, not just the distance issue. He stressed that it is unequivocal that distance has increased, and the driver remains “a topic of interest”.

Otto, however, believes any change to the driver’s size, forgiveness or degree of spring-like effect would probably be implemented only at the professional level. “We had clubs made that were smaller with lower moment of inertia (less forgiving),” he says. “That was not pretty, but for the elite golfer, that is still very much on the table.” 

Otto added that any change would depend on what happens after elite players have been playing with the shorter ball for a period. “Before the golf-ball rollback was announced this past December, we sat down with several tour players, and a lot of them said, ‘You’re addressing the wrong thing; you should be addressing the club.’ Of course, I think if we’d gone with the club only, we’d have almost as much criticism saying, ‘Why aren’t you doing the ball?’” 

Otto believes it’s important to get the ball’s 2028-’30 timeframe implementation correct first. “You can’t expect the industry to do both of these things at once,” he says. 

The club, he says, would be harder to regulate on multiple levels: “We’ve upped people’s understanding of what we’re doing. They’re watching more carefully, and there are far more data questions coming at us. Any decision we make on the club will need to be held to a higher level of data scrutiny.” 

This means any kind of elite-player rule targeting the driver would need to get at how the game is being played. “We have to look at the secondary elements of the data to see if we see a change in the behaviour of players,” Otto says. “That might lead us to say these clubs are too forgiving. We need to give them ones that are more penal, so if they can hit it in the middle at incredible speed, that’s a real skill. It’s looking at the dynamics and balance of skills in the game a little more.” 

Reducing clubhead size, which in turn would probably reduce stability on mis-hits (in some cases, significantly) and limit the area of the face that produces the highest ball speeds, does have a downside in trying to attack elite driving distance: with a smaller clubhead, players would be swinging something more aerodynamically efficient, so they could swing such a club even faster than current speeds.  

Otto remains resolute on the need to recalibrate distance based on elite male driving distance. The change to what will be a conforming (and shorter) ball will take place starting in 2028 for elite competition and will apply to all golfers starting in 2030. New balls submitted for conformance starting in 2028 must pass the overall distance standard at the new, higher speed. He says the general trendline of distance increase during the past century makes clear the case for change. 

“Most people, if you put them into a cold, dark room, would admit that overall distance has increased, but we’re still arguing about bits of data, and we’re trying to engage with people on those discussions to understand their points, but, really, the decision has
been made.” 

Part of what comes next is the challenge of implementing the rollback of golf balls. Under the new test for conformance, the test swing speed has been raised five miles per hour to 125mph. According to data from the R&A and USGA, that would lead to a 14-metre reduction in driving distance for the fastest male professionals. 

Otto stressed that the R&A’s Grant Moir, executive director of governance, and Mark Grattan, director of equipment standards, have been in discussions with ball manufacturers about the rollback. He said the early research with prototype balls from manufacturers and the number of golf-ball patents made it clear to him that the four-year transition period is sufficient. 

“We’ve got plenty of time to talk to them and work out this problem,” he says. “It’s not us sitting there in our ivory towers and saying, ‘You must do this.’ Grant Moir and Mark Grattan are doing a lot of interaction with manufacturers around the world.” 

Although several manufacturers have questioned the need for any distance rollback, the PGA of America and the PGA Tour have yet to embrace publicly the shorter ball that is scheduled to be in play in 2028. As Otto says, “It’s not going to work if we sit in St Andrews and cross our arms.” 

That transition window brings with it other challenges given that recreational golfers will still be able to play and likely demand the longer balls for their use. (To be clear, the ruling bodies have produced research that the impact on the driving distance for most recreational golfers will be relatively minimal, typically about three metres, or well less than the average variance in any golfer’s distance variability.) Still, Otto believes it will not lead to a fragmented game once the ball rollback is implemented. In the end, he doesn’t believe there will be a substantial hoarding or market for balls that don’t conform to the new standard. 

“I think we all have the same North Star, and the future health of the game is linked to playing by the rules,” he said. “The sustainability of the sport is a big thing even for the biggest public company where engaging golfers is how they are going to make the most profit and I’m not sure [non-conforming product] has been the way to do that. There are several examples in Japan of reasonable-size companies dabbling in the non-conforming market, and it just hasn’t worked.”  

Featured image by tracy wilcox/pga tour/getty images