TECH’S OWN REGULATION

Social media platforms including TikTok, Facebook and Snapchat say people need to be at least 13 to sign up. Child protection advocates say control is insufficient, however, and official data in several European countries show huge numbers of children under 13 have social media accounts.

BRITAIN

Britain has no current plans for Australia-style restrictions. But digital minister Peter Kyle has said that everything is on the table when it comes to keeping people safe online and has launched a study to explore the impact of smartphone and social media use specifically on children.

He said that regulator Ofcom must have regard to government priorities such as safety by design and transparency and accountability, as they enforce the Online Safety Act from next year.

The act, which sets tougher standards for social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube and TikTok — including on appropriate age restrictions — was passed in 2023 by the previous government.

NORWAY

The Norwegian government last month proposed raising the age at which children can consent to the terms required to use social media to 15 years from 13 years currently, although parents would still be permitted to sign off on their behalf if they are under the age limit.

The centre-left government also said it had begun work on legislation to set an absolute legal minimum age limit for social media use, but it was not immediately clear when a law mandating this may reach parliament.

Half of Norway’s nine-year-olds use some form of social media, according to the government.

EU LEGISLATION

In the European Union, parental consent is required for the processing of personal data for children under the age of 16, though the bloc’s 27 member states can lower that limit to 13.

FRANCE

In 2023, France passed a law requiring social platforms to obtain parental consent for minors under 15 to create accounts. However, local media say technical challenges mean it has not yet enforced.

In April, a panel commissioned by President Emmanuel Macron recommended stricter rules, including banning cellphones for children under 11 and internet-enabled phones for those under 13. It is unclear when new legislation could be adopted and to what extent it would follow the experts’ recommendations.

GERMANY

Officially, minors between the ages of 13 and 16 are allowed to use social media in Germany only if their parents give consent. There are currently no plans to go further. However, child protection advocates say controls are insufficient and call for existing rules to be better implemented.

BELGIUM

In 2018, Belgium enacted a law requiring children to be at least 13 years old to create a social media account without parental permission.

NETHERLANDS

While the Netherlands doesn’t have any laws regarding a minimum age for social media use, the government did ban mobile devices in classrooms from January 2024 to reduce distractions. Exceptions apply for digital lessons, medical needs or disabilities.

ITALY

In Italy, children under the age of 14 need parental consent to sign up for social media accounts, while no consent is required from that age upwards.